CaseStudy & Lecture Notes for Summary Of Sei Fujii Vs State Of Califor

Question: Depict about the Case outline of Sei Fujii versus State of California? Answer: Realities: The offended party was outsider Japanese and didn't have the qualification to apply for citizenship under naturalization laws. He offered against a judgment that escheated a land bought by him. There was no arrangement present between the province of California and Japan that could permit the offended party to claim land in the state (Brown, 2015). Question under the watchful eye of the Court: The sole inquiry under the watchful eye of the court in this issue was that whether the California outsider land law was legitimate or not? Choice by the Court: It was held by the court that the UN contract isn't having the substance of self-execution. The Court proceeded to look to the goal of the gatherings for deciding whether the Charter of the United Nations is self-executing. This is in association with the sign under the language of the arrangement, and if the language has no vulnerabilities, it will be investigated dependent on the environmental factors (Brown, 2015). The Court additionally held that the contract was not enforceable in this condition in light of the fact that the substance of the sanction were sketched out to characterize the general purposes and destinations that would be depended upon. It didn't plan to force any commitments under the law (Scocal.stanford.edu, 2015). The substance were sufficiently straightforward to examine the authoritative activities liable to emerge later on. Contradiction: The contradicting assessment was advanced by Mr. Equity Schauer. He expressed that the California Alien Land Law was unlawful and held that he charged most of the court with his refusal to play out the legal obligation (Scocal.stanford.edu, 2015). References Earthy colored, B. (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.kentlaw.edu/staff/bbrown/classes/HumanRightsSP10/CourseDocs/11SeiFujiCalifornia.pdf [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015]. Scocal.stanford.edu, (2015).Sei Fujii v. Territory of California - 38 Cal.2d 718 - Thu, 04/17/1952 | California Supreme Court Resources. [online] Available at: https://scocal.stanford.edu/sentiment/sei-fujii-v-state-california-26246 [Accessed 5 Aug. 2015].

Partnership Working Between Service Users And Mental Health Workers Essay

Organization Working Between Service Users And Mental Health Workers - Essay Example The term clients, not just applies to the individuals with mental disarranges yet additionally survivors, relatives just as suppliers of related administrations. As per Tait and Lester (2005), the conceptualization of clients as suppliers, as reflected in the present pattern of client drove benefits in UK gives an incredible chance to propelling the organization working between specialist organizations and the psychological help clients. The client drove administrations include mental administrations brought out and oversaw by clients through deliberate courses of action related to social insurance experts. The idea of clients drove administrations and the move from systematized emotional well-being care to the network based consideration give another incredible chance to association between the specialists and the clients. Be that as it may, the association requires critical preparing of volunteers, advancement of individual help and client drove backing (Sherpherd, Boardman and Sla de 2008). The specialist persistent methodology depends on the supposition that clients have reasonable involvement in the issues looked by individuals with mental disarranges and subsequently can give the truly necessary comprehension in conveying such administrations. The Need for a Shift in Attitudes among Practitioners and a Move away from the 'Us and Them' Approach The requirement for a move in disposition among professionals and moving from the ‘us and them’ approach can be credited to the job of the client and expert organization in the recuperation of individuals with mental clutters. The connection between the patients and clinicians requires a move from the master/patient to an association so as to encourage the procedure of recuperation (Tait and Lester 2007). The idea of disconnecting individuals with mental scatters has been found to confer constrained recuperation accomplishments, with the social consideration approach developing as the best methodology in thinking about individuals with mental disarranges. The move from the ‘us and them’ approach requires the acknowledgment of relatives and different supporters vital in the recuperation of a patient as accomplices during the time spent conveying psychological well-being administrations. Adequacy of the treatment and recuperation process requires a community oriented exertion between the experts and administration clients. The recuperation favor has been proposed as one of the viable methodologies in conveying emotional wellness care benefits in various nations including United States, New Zealand, Australia and UK (Shepherd, Boardman and Slade 2008). This methodology is established based on association between the specialist organizations and administration clients in improving viability of the human services administrations. The methodology offers support clients to take an interest effectively in the conveyance of the administrations rather underscoring on master/unde rstanding limits. The way toward conveying compelling medicinal services mediations necessitates that human services professionals move their demeanor from the aptitude or authority status to individual mentors prepared to offer their abilities and gain from the patients or administration clients also (Sherpherd, Boardman and Slade 2008). Professional patient organization requires huge trust, transparency, genuineness and backing from the two gatherings. Boundaries to the Working Partnership and methods of conquering them One of the best difficulties in encouraging working association among specialists and psychological wellness patients spins around the absence of client strengthening. Families, patients

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purchase custom Obesity article Stoutness regularly revealed way of life issue that is said to have no fix. This is a ceaseless condition that is brought about by extreme muscle to fat ratio. It is conceivable to get this infection when you put on a ton of superfluous weight, and afterward you can't consume a similar measure of calories earned. There are unquestionably a lot of reasons for this specific infection that happen both in youngsters, and in grown-ups. Indeed, the body needs a specific measure of fat in the body so as to work ordinarily, and this additionally shifts with people. In ladies, the amount of fat ought to be somewhere in the range of 25% and 30%. In men, the amount ought to be somewhere in the range of 18% and 23% .With these normal figures, at that point a man with over 25% and a lady with over 30% is viewed as corpulent (Heymsfield et al. 525). Once more, from the momentum inquire about, at any rate 33% of the all out American populace is corpulent or overweight. There have been colossal clashing perspectives from well known insightful diaries on whether weight ought to be viewed as a malady. There has not been any substantial demonstrate to help any of the contentions that have been proposed. Despite the fact that stoutness isn't the main general medical issue, it is inappropriate to name it as an ailment from the customary perspective, since it doesn't meet the sensible rules for such infections. This issue is a genuine wellbeing situation that is straightforwardly destructive to ones wellbeing. For example, in America, 300,000 passings happen every year with the significant reason being corpulence. At the point when an individual is experiencing this issue, they are presented to more noteworthy odds of being tainted by various ceaseless ailments. These incorporate the Insulin opposition, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary failure, malignant growth, among others (Manson et al. 885). The fat cells in the body are chiefly liable for the insulin obstruction more than the muscle cells, and this is the reason this is a significant reason for weight. The insulin obstruction state can generally keep going for s numerous years, and when the pancrease is not, at this point ready to deliver the significant levels of insulin, the blood glucose levels start to rise, which at long last outcomes to type 2 diabetes. From the clinical report, it is likewise obvious that, during the peri od when there is insulin opposition, there will likewise be the solidifying of the conduits, which is additionally a difficulty of this infection. Among the more seasoned hefty people, the basic complexities that they experience the ill effects of are High circulatory strain, coronary failure, and malignant growth issues. As the body weight increments among the ladies, so does their danger of their circulatory strain. The report additionally indicated that the hazard is more noteworthy in ladies than in men. A similar case applies to ladies whose BMI is more noteworthy than 29. These people endure an extraordinary danger of experiencing passing from the coronary illness (Williamson et al. 178). With the main coronary failure, there is expanded danger of a former one to happen if corpulence is the basic issue. Corpulence is likewise connected with representing an incredible hazard to malignant growth disease. It is connected to causing colon malignant growth in the two people. Because of estrogen increment in the circulatory system, the ladies are likewise at more serious danger of being contaminated with bosom malignant growth, particularly in their postmenopausal stages. At present, it is clear than separated from gorging and physical dormancy, there are a few other basic factors that add to stoutness. One of these variables is the hereditary segment. In the event that at least one guardians have the historical backdrop of being fat, at that point an individual will have the possibility of having their hormones being contaminated, and mess with the fat guideline. Nourishments that are high in fat and sugars have been known to have a high fat substance, subsequently add to extraordinary weight gain (Droyvold et al. 340). An eating routine that has over the top starch levels will thus prompt expanded glucose levels that animate the insulin discharge by the pancreases. This procedure in the end prompts the development of fat tissues, which causse weight gain. The motivation behind why more ladies are at the danger of being fat is the way that, they have less muscles than the men. For this specific explanation, they have more slow metabolic rates than men, and in a similar way, weight reduction is progressively troublesome. Individuals lose their muscles as they progress in age, and their metabolic levels delayed down. This happens all the more regularly if an individual doesn't lessen their caloric admission. With expectations of arriving at the normal body loads, the people might be compelled to adjust an exhausting eating routine. After some time, there may be some noteworthy weight reduction perceived, however it for the most part returns rapidly (Yuker and Allison 250). This is the reason an all the more enduring answer for treat heftiness ought to be not being controlled in transient premise, however it ought to be a progressing deep rooted process. People ought not join all the more importance to putting on a perfect load as a method of treating corpulence, however the general objective ought to be to reach and keep up a more advantageous weight, for a more drawn out time. Researchers have put forth attempts of improving the prescription and treatment of this issue (Heymsfield et al. 557). Their fundamental objective is to have a superior and more secure approach to manage this issue. Right now, there is no demonstrated treatment for weight that is viewed as moment, however it is fairly a progressive procedure. This is accomplished by a long-existence of appropriate eating regimen and customary exercise. Medicine is given to those patients whose danger of having stoutness is more noteworthy than the potential side of recuperating securely. All in all, it is significant for each person to attempt to keep up their optimal body weight by adjusting their food utilization and calories required by their body. The strength of an individual is dictated by what they eat, thus, it is critical to continue checking the sums and nature of nourishments that one eats. This propensity ought to be polished in all age gatherings to forestall the event of corpulence and its inconveniences among the residents. Purchase custom Obesity paper

Theoretical Aspects Of Financial Crisis Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sapir 2008 analysed that there were a combination of three things that were related to the financial crisis; a crisis of capitalism, a financial crisis and a liquidity crisis. This unusual combination explains how serious the impacts of the crisis were. Each element had different repercussions and at the same time was tightly linked. Allais 2002 blamed excessive development of payment promises and their financing. He argued that the same causes generate the same effect, which explains some of the crises that had occurred in history and also explains the events of the last crisis that became a global issue. A journal article written by Kern Alexander 2008 Principles v Rules in financial recommended efficient regulation to prevent misconduct and misdemeanour of excessive lending to people that are unable to pay back loans, which has become a burden on the economy. Regulators do have the resources and expertise to cope with this issue. However efficient regulation is difficult because of the incentives financial institutions have to develop means to avoid the impact of regulations by loophole missing (Eaglesham 2012). Therefore it will always be a case where changes in regulations would not generally respond promptly to the pace of change in markets and economy (Kern 2009). Sapir 2008 concluded the emergenc e of new development models and that the crises imply a global re-evaluation of international integration strategies. Many would assume that Sapir is questioning as to what should be done about this issue. Boccara 2009 indirectly expressed his desire for Islamic finance and suggested that Islamic banking could be a new economic system base. Boccara 2009 complimented Islamic finance as a potential alternative. On the other hand Khan and Bhatti 2008 argued that Islamic banking will face challenges that could be difficult to overcome. A similar study to this research Bellalah et al. 2004 mentioned that there is a strong relationship between interest and instability, which are to do with financial and liquidity crisis mentioned by Sapir 2008. Akerlof and Shiller 2009 believe that financial crisis exist mainly because of changes in confidence, envy, illusions, temptations and stories about the nature of the economy. To understand Akerlof and Shiller 2009 theory Catts 2013 explai ned the theory in reference to reality and argued that those who could not afford a house or could not make payments were astonished by the fact that house prices would never fall. Therefore a lot of people were starting to take out subprime (high risk) mortgages and these were usually supplied by loan/mortgage brokers. Keynes 1937 believes how economic fluctuations are explained by spontaneous changes in the moods of people (optimism and pessimism). Minsky 1986 explained how a financial crisis would occur when a bubble in asset prices collapse. Greenspan 2003 said: The notion of a bubble bursting and the whole price level coming down seems to me as far as a national nationwide phenomenon, is really unlikely (CRAIG, Page 10). Keynes 1937 made the following argument: Even apart from the instability due to speculation, there is the instability due to the characteristic of human nature that a large proportion of our positive activities depend on spontaneous optimism rather than mathematical expectations, whether moral or hedonistic or economic. Nobody was aware of the consequences. Both Akerlof and Shillers (2009) point agrees with Keyness (1937) statement to an extent. However they point out that non economic motivations play a role in this, as they believe that the classical and new classical model ignores non economic factors. Barny 2005 argues that there was a substantial excessive inflation of house prices and on top of that interest rates were historically low. This created a mania for home ownership and lead to people optimistically buying homes, as explained by Minsky 1986 and Keynes 1937. Kindleberger 1987 and Friedman Schwartz 1963 argued that many banks would be forced to close. Economists Hayek 1935 and Wicksell 1935 (both subscribed to the Austrian school of economics) have in further depth elaborated the relationship between interest and instability. However Hayek 1935 examined Wickells 1935 study with the assumption of employm ent levels fluctuating, where as Wicksells 1935 assumed full employment. This would mean that both conclusions would slightly differ. Nevertheless the theories of the two economists in the end supported that interest leads to economic instabilities. The first part of the literature review managed to identify some of the causes that lead to a global financial crisis. It was important to have taken economic theories into consideration, as this dissertation will focus on how Islamic finance can assist the conventional system into becoming more resilient to the crisis. Therefore the second part of the literature review will look at the principles of Islamic finance. Islamic Finance History Islamic banking is one of the major economic developments in the early 1970s. However, the concept is not new. (Choudhury and Hussain 2005) discussed that Islamic banks have emerged since the 20th century and that they offer banking services through their resourced based view. Both Khan and Bhatti 2008 argued that Islamic finance made tremendous breakthroughs that have made the system viable and a competitive alternative to conventional banking. Currently Islamic banking is growing at 15-20% per year. Mawlana Maudidi proposed the idea of Islamic finance in the 1940s and was further developed by Anwar when Maududi died in 1979. According to Visser 2009 the main motivation of the development of specific Islamic views on the economy was due to the conviction that Islam was seen as backward by the European civilisation, which had little time for the tenents of Islam in the economic sphere (Visser, 2008 p4 8). Siddiqi 2002 has credited Maudidi for the development of Islamic finance, but argued that strong political ideas of Maudidi should be ignored as they might have arisen from a reaction of what the European civilisation thought of Islam and that no anti-western feelings need to be involved. Siddiqi 2002 has also stated that the world needs to participate in Islamic finance. Karbhari et al. 2004 explained that conventional banks have acknowledged the potential of Islamic finance. As result a number of conventional banks such as ANZ bank, Barclays, Citybank, HBSC and Lloyds TSB offer Islamic finance products, which not only illustrates there has been much recognised growth, but also how valuable the idea proposed by Maudidi has been. On the other hand, it must be mentioned that some scholars raised concerns about the legitimacy of Islamic products offered by conventional windows (Abdurahman, 2006, Yaquby, 2005 and Malik et al. 2011). Not one person can guarantee that funds provided to establish these windows did not involve interest, which means that t hat capital could be unacceptable according to the Shariah principles. These are potential challenges that many that many conventional banks that wish to open Islamic windows will face as mentioned by Khan and Bhatti 2008. These challenges could also explain as to why HSBC has decided to withdraw some of its Islamic windows. Different people have different ideology on why interest might be prohibited. However there are debates going on amongst scholars as to whether it is allowed for a transformed conventional institution to Islamic institution, could be classed Islamic if it commits to make charitable donations to purify their money. Tlemsani 2010 argued whether both Islamic and conventional banking can work together in a mutually productive manner. Lewis 2008 believes that Islamic finance varies little from conventional banking, which indicates a possibility that the two financial systems could co-evolve. Both might be correct in their suggestions, but Berger and Huntingdon 200 2 believe that the two systems are irreconcilable and conflict between each other, as conventional banking is merely profit motivated whereas Islamic banking focuses on the economic wellbeing and also profit. In addition Islamic banking completely avoids interest. Ahmad 1992 acknowledged that Islam completely prohibits interest. But if Islamic economics completely prohibits interest, then why do Muslim countries run their financial institution with the involvement of interest? This raised many questions and not one single person has managed to answer this (John Foster, 2009)., which also lead to people enquiring about whether Islamic finance is really Islamic (Foster, 2009). Shariah Board The activities and behaviours that caused the financial crisis are completely unacceptable in Islam. Every Islamic bank institution has its own Shariah board, and their responsibilities are to ensure operations adhere to Shariah law and give approval to management team regarding any operations and activities (Wilson, 2004 p9). After any approval the board monitors the ongoing activities and ensures that they are performed in the practice of the Shariah law. Both Hasan 2008 and Malik et al. 2011argue that there is no single organisation that governs the Islamic banking industry. It would be more beneficial to Islamic banking as a whole if there was a universal set of Islamic banking rules. Indonesia is a very good example, as the rulings are mandatory for all Shariah boards within the nation. Dr Hassan in a recent report that looked at the toughest issues facing Islamic finance admitted that the reason for this was that scholars with both Islam and finance knowledge are extremely scarce (which Malik et al. 2011 mentioned too) (Isra, 2012). In the same report Dr Laldin disagreed with Dr Hasans point as he claimed that there is no shortage of Shariah advisors in the market. As mentioned in the previous paragraph scholars in the Shariah board identify whether Islamic banking products are Shariah compliant. According to Wilson 2004 merely stating whether a product is Shariah compliant or not is insufficient. He recommends Shariah scholars should be more involved in the marketing as well as regulation. This shows that scholars are more proactive. Wilson 2004 also argued that Islamic banks need to consider ways to convince new and existing customers about the benefits of their innovative products and also demonstrate their products to new business circumstances and at the same time ensure customers that they are Shariah compliant. Van Gaal claimed that Islamic banks do engage with their customers. Therefore it can be assumed that Wilson 2004 might have been tr ying to explain that Islamic banking need to improve on their marketing (Van Gaal, 2012, p27). This assumption has been also made by a number of individuals who have analysed the challenges faced by Islamic finance (Mustafa 2011, Askari et al. 2010, Ramal Hussain 2010). Principles of Islamic finance Interest For many centuries Muslim nations have been developing ways of co-operating their religious beliefs and values within their business and banking. The fundamentals of Islamic banking are concepts in compliance with Islamic Sharia law principles. The Islamic bank is a banking establishment that solicits funds and employs them in accordance with the Islamic Shariah, for the purpose of building Islamic solidarity and ensuring justice of distribution and employment of funds in accordance with the Islamic principles. Abdelgadir B, Graham H.R, Cyril R.T ( 1994, p.6). In Islam there are two sources of principles that determine the Islamic structure, which primarily is the Quran itself and the Sunnah. The structure and basics of Islamic finance is different to the Western Commercial banking and financing system in many aspects. One way in which it distinguishes itself from conventional finance, is through the complete prohibition of interest (riba), whereas with conventional banking interest is the main driver (El-Gamal, 2006). Shariah law (Islamic law) strictly forbids interest. However it does not prohibit gains on capital. The Shariah law requires that performance of capital is taken into consideration when rewarding capital. In financial terms, use of capital must add value and not be devoid of risk (Arberry, 1964, p. 4). It is stated in the Holy Quran in the following verses: Those who devour usury will not stand except as stands one whom the Evil One by his touch hath driven to madness. That is because they say: Trade is like usury, But Allah hath permitted trade and forbidden usury. Those who after receiving direction from their Lord, desist, shall be pardoned for the past; their case is for Allah (to judge); but those who repeat (the offence) are companions of the fire; they will abide therein (forever). Holy Quran, Surah al Baqarah, 2:275 (23 Source: The Meaning of the Holy Quran. (Translated by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Ninth Edition 1997. Amana Publications, Beltsville, Maryland, USA). The former president Obasanjo speaking in 2000 about Nigerias mounting debt to international creditors stated: All that we have borrowed up to 1985 was around US$ 5 billion, and we have paid about US$ 16 billion. Yet we are still being told-that we owe about US$ 28 billion. That US$28 billion came about because of the injustice in the foreign creditors interest rates. If you ask me what the worst thing in the world is, I will say it is compound interest (Shakespeare, 2011)(PRESSTV) The repercussions of interest are so severe to not only cause unable mortgage payers to lose their property, but enough to put a whole country into debt. Many more countries in the world, especially third world countries have very large debts to be clearing. According to Shakespeare 2011, the region of Sub-Sharan Africa pays $10billion every year in debt services which is four times the amount countries within that specific region spend on health care an d education (NewsInt 1998). Shah 20005 pointed out that there is $523 billion debt burden after $550 billion has been paid in both principal and interest. Although this might be irrelevant to the topic it still is a very good example to consider and understand why Islamic finance prohibits interest. A general agreement among Islamic scholars is that the charging of interest and any positive, fixed, predetermined rate of return which are promised regardless of how well a project performs is prohibited and also usury. (Iqbal and Tsubota 2006). The financial crisis started with the subprime mortgage where mortgage originators collateralized the debt by mixing prime and subprime debt. This means that they had less incentive to undertake careful underwriting Ghafour 2008. Zarqa 1983; Siddiqi 1983 have described Islamic banking as one that is value based and aims to ensure moral and material well being of individuals and society as a whole, whereas conventional banking can act inconsid erate about the economic well being. Gambling and Speculation Kunhibiva 2010 stated that any activity that involved a form of gambling is strictly forbidden in Islam, as well as speculations that lead to zero sum outcome. It is stated in the Holy Quran: They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: in them is great sin, and some profit, for men; but the sin is greater than the profit (Holy Quran, Surah al Baqarah 2:219). The main reason why gambling is forbidden, is due to the fact that one gains through no effort (Damansari 2007, p.219). Campbell 2008 in an interview unveiled that conventional banks were aware of the risks involved in the activities of excessive lending, leading to a zero-sum outcome. Although gambling in conventional thought is widely accepted as McGowan and Brown 1994 believe that one should have the economic freedom to do as they desire. However there are some that argue against it Borna and Lowry 1987 believe that such activity does not take the economic well being into account. Tickell 1999 on the other hand argues that it should be totally avoided in the conventional banking system. It is to be said that Islamic finance principles can assist conventional banking on how to be more resilient to a future crisis. Islamic banking has shown more resilience during the time of the crisis compared to conventional banking, where a number of big players had to be bailed out by the government. A published document by Nankin and Schmidth 2009 showed some of the institutions in the conventional system that had to be bailed out, because of the way the crisis had affected them: Fannie Mae / Freddie Mac: $400 Billion American International Group (A.I.G.): $180 Billion Bank of America: $142.2 Billion These were companies with huge reputations. They had to be bailed out, for the reasons that they were all involved with the subprime mortgage crisis. Islamic banking principles and why Khan 1985 noted that the abolition of interest based transactions is not a subject that is new to conventional economic thought. A number of economists have agreed that the conventional system is instable compared to Islamic finance and Islamic scholars blamed interest rates. People who supported the conventional system such as Metzler 1950 and many more were familiar with the fact that the conventional system was not stable in the long term. For that reason Metzler proposed an interest free model where contracts should only be based on equity. This illustrated a more economic stability, because as explained by Keynes 1937 and Akerlof Shiller 2009 economic fluctuations are caused by changing moods of individuals and the existence of illusions which are both influenced by interest rates. This explains that interest is an act of exploitation and injustice (Lewis 2008). However scholars such as Chapra (1985), Khan (1985) and Siddiqi (1980 and 1982) are not fully against interest. They argued that interest should be rewarded only if savings are used to create additional capital and wealth. In the real world however, this is not the case, because interest rates have nothing to do with capital productivity. Instead, interest is paid on money and has to be paid regardless of whether an investment is a success or not. A lot of research has been carried out in this field with many similar opinions. Choudrys and Hussain s 2005 have also stressed their point of view which closely relates to Zarqa 1983 and Siddiqi 1983 way of thinking. There are many more researchers such as Dusuki and Abdullah 2007 who have critically reviewed and explained how Islamic banking aims to create a much fairer and balanced society as prescribed by Islamic economics. Chapra 2009 discussed this issue and added on how it has the potential to minimise the chances for a future crisis. All these compliments to Islamic finance are thanks to the Shariah principles which ensure proper Islam ic banking to act in an appropriate manner John LIU , ; Iqbal and Mirakhor, 2006 and Islamic prohibits interest because: Alternative products and alternative options (musharakah, ijarah sukuk etc) Whether Islamic finance principles can be adopted (scholarly reviewed articles To organise valuable ideas and findings To identify other research that may be in progress To generate research issues To develop a critical perspective To organise valuable ideas and findings To identify other research that may be in progress To generate research issues To develop a critical perspective

Techniques Used to Discuss Colonialism in The Ugly Tourist and Shooting an Elephant Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Orwell shows how the Buddhist stood at street corners jeering at the Europeans. As much as it shows acts of cowardice to the side of the Burmese, it all sent a message that the colonialists were not welcome in Burma. He continues to show how the colonialists are feared by the locals as expressed when he obtains to a rifle to kill the elephant which is ravaging property at the bazaar. The elephant is the colonialist in this context and he fears that if he missed a shot or if anything went wrong he would be trampled on by the colonialist. As a matter of fact, the author acknowledges the characters fear of humiliation comparing his situation with an Indian and emphasizing that the two thousand Barmans would crash him making him a corpse. All the above-mentioned vices are evidenced in Jamaica Kincaid s article. She comes out to mention the primitive lifestyle of her people, And you look at the things they can do ensuring that he mentions mere norms ensured by the community. This incid ent shows how backward the natives are in the event in which they are against the same colonialist who is supposedly trying to help them out of the primitive culture to a more civilized one. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques Used to Discuss Colonialism in The Ugly Tourist and Shooting an Elephant or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Prejudice And Discrimination Prejudice Essay - 1527 Words

Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice and discrimination can take several different forms. The first item I would like to delineate in this essay is the correlations between prejudice, racism, and discrimination. Prejudices quite often stem from ignorance or a lack of understanding. Essentially, prejudice strips away any individualism that belongs to a person and creates a negative opinion as soon as a connection is made to the group with which the person belongs. This happens because the prejudice person immediately passes judgement on the other person without having any evidence or reason to support the negative opinion. Sexual prejudice, which represents negative attitudes based on a person’s sexual orientation, is another form (Herek, 2004). Likewise, hating someone based on financial status is another example. One could even say that hating anyone that wears red shoes is also demonstrating prejudice. Prejudice against someone s religion is slightly more complicated simply because the situation usually invites other forms of prejudice along with the religious element. This may be due to a common correlation incorporating a person s religion with his or her race and heritage. Studies have even shown empirical evidence indicating that corporate brands and labels, with strong stereotypic association to a specific country, race, or religion, suffer a direct prejudice manifesting as negative attitudes, related to animosity (Russell Russell, 2010). Racism, the mostShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1638 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination comes in a number of forms. We have age discrimination, employment or job discrimination, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, reverse discrimination, sexual discrimination, and others. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a member of that group (Burgess, 2003). The purpose of her research was to talk about discrimination and prejudices and the affect they have on our day to day lives. She also defines prejudiceRead MorePrejudice, Discrimination, And Discrimination1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Aversive Prejudice/Discrimination All types of prejudice vary in some ways , some people are very blunt and some people merely whisper under their breath or secretly avoid the people they dislike. This falls more in between those line with this being an example of averise racism specifically â€Å" Aversive racists, in contrast, sympathize with victims of past injustice,support principles of racial equality, and genuinely regard themselves as non-prejudiced, but at the same time possess conflictingRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1608 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination comes in all forms. There is age discrimination, employment or job discrimination, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, reverse discrimination, sexual discrimination, and then there is also positive discrimination such as a guy letting an attractive woman out in traffic; he is then positively discriminating against her. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a member of that group. The purpose of my research isRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination1551 Words   |  7 PagesAnalytical Factsheet on Prejudice amp; Discrimination on Class Inequality Section 1: Executive Summary This essay is about prejudice and discrimination occurring in Singapore context to address Class discrimination. This essay will also show reasons to why prejudice and discrimination occurs and the effects of such inequity can cause to the society. In this case studies possible measures and solutions will be highlighted and suggested. Section 2: The issues and who are involved This essay willRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesPeople can be can be prejudice or be discriminatory towards anyone for any reason. Prejudice and discrimination are two very different things, prejudice is the unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of their race, sex religion, etc. Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. It can occur anywhere, in the workplace, shops, restaurants, schools or just walking down the street. OneRead MoreDiscrimination : Prejudice And Discrimination Essay2081 Words   |  9 PagesRunning Head: PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 1 PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 8 Prejudice and Discrimination: What?s the Difference? Emily B. Hutchins Salem College Prejudice and Discrimination: What?s the Difference? Prejudice and discrimination are two different actions with similar meanings. A person can have prejudice without acting in a discriminatory manner; however, if someone is discriminating against someone, they have prejudices. A prejudice can start from a stereotype andRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice : Discrimination1719 Words   |  7 PagesKendrah Lopez CS – 420 12 Sep. 2017 Discrimination and Prejudice Discrimination and Prejudice I chose discrimination and prejudice for my multicultural paper, because I feel that discrimination and prejudice is the main reason for all the hate in the world. People are discriminated against because of reasons such as race, ethnicity, religion, looks, sex, sexual orientation, class, and other ridiculous reasons. I feel that if discrimination could be eradicated, then this world would be a peacefulRead MoreRacial Prejudice : An Understanding Of Prejudice And Discrimination862 Words   |  4 PagesRacial Prejudice A child is born without any preconceived notions or beliefs, they are Society’s projects to mold and shape for the future. From the day a child is born he or she begins to learn beliefs that will be carried through life. In fact, according to Stephanie Pappas â€Å"Kids develop an understanding of prejudice and discrimination in a fairly predictable manner. Between the ages of 3 and 6, they begin to understand and use stereotypes† (Pappas, â€Å"Young Kids Take Parents’ Word on Prejudice†).Read MorePrejudice and Discrimination Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice and Discrimination Prejudice: 1) an opinion formed without careful thought.2) an unreasonable or unfair feeling (in favour of, or against something). Discrimination : 1) to be the difference between. 2) (with favour of, against ) to treat favourably or unfairly. These are the dictionaries definitions of what the two words mean, obviously very briefly. Different forms of prejudice and discrimination are the underlining of racism, sexism, ageism, nationalismRead MoreSexism And Prejudice And Discrimination1791 Words   |  8 Pageshence I will be focusing on sexism and present the explanations surrounding this prejudice and discrimination. Sexism is discrimination and prejudice against an individual based on their gender and is still widely apparent in society today although has drastically deteriorated in relation to the past. Most research relating to sexism specifically focuses on women as they have been victim to the majority of prejudice essentially due to their lower status compared to men in relation to business, government

Psychology Of Ethics Qualitative Research - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Psychology Of Ethics Qualitative Research. Answer: Introduction ICT or information and communication technology is the most important part of information technology, which helps in accessing, storing, transmitting and manipulating information (Dewey, 2016). This information and communication technology mainly refers to the amalgamation of audio systems or video systems to the networks of telecommunications and computers. This amalgamation is done with the help of a cable or with a linking system. The merging of the network of the telephone with the network system of computer is done by utilizing a single system for the management and distribution of signal and even cabling (Shafer-Landau, 2012). The entire applications, methods and concepts of the information and communication technology are constantly changing in regular time. The following report describes about the popular case of Wanna Cry Ransom ware Attack that took place in May 2017. This case study was the perfect example of ethical dilemma in information and communication technology. This report discusses about the case study in terms of Doing Ethics Technique (Fromm, 2013). The six typical questions of Doing Ethics Technique are being discussed in this particular report. Relevant recommendations are also given in the report. The details of the above discussion are given below. Discussion Wanna Cry Ransom ware Attack Wanna Cry Ransom ware attack is considered as one of the most dangerous cyber attacks in the entire world. This cyber attack occurred by the most degrading Wanna Cry ransom ware crypto worm (Woollaston, 2018). It targeted various computers that were running the typical operating system of Microsoft Windows. The hacker eventually encrypted the data and demanded ransom payments. They instructed that the payments should be done in terms of Bitcoin crypto currency. The entire cyber world was shaken due to this dangerous cyber attack. This attack was ceased after some days of discovery for the emergency patches that were released by Microsoft. They discovered a specific kill switch, which stopped all the infected systems from spreading of the Wanna Cry further (Woollaston, 2018). It was noticed that about 3,00,000 computers were affected in all over 150 countries. Approximately billions of dollars were spent in this cyber attack. Doing Ethics Technique The Doing ethics technique is a specific technique in ethics that eventually answers six typical questions for any particular situation. This technique helps in understanding the entire scenario of any particular case study and how this case study can be evaluated easily (Trevino Nelson, 2016). The doing ethics technique promptly answers few questions that are required to be answered for any particular situation. What is going on? On 12th May 2017, a dangerous cyber attack took place in the entire world. This cyber attack was named as the Wanna Cry ransom ware attack. The crypto worm namely, Wanna Cry ransom ware was responsible for this deadly cyber attack (Niebuhr, 2013). On 12th May, 2017, Friday morning, around 3,00,000 computers were infected in more than one hundred and fifty countries all over the world. This crypto worm targeted those particular computers, running the Microsoft Windows operating system. The operating system of system has millions of encrypted data within it. During this cyber attack, the data of the Microsoft Windows operating system was encrypted completely (Fromm, 2013). The hackers or the intruders demanded for huge ransom for removing the crypto worm. They demanded for Bitcoin crypto currency. This attack lasted for few days and after that, the kill switch was created by a security researcher. What are the issues? Several issues were present in the cyber attack of Wanna Cry crypto worm. The major issue that was registered was the exploitation of the attack of the crypto worm. These issues and challenges were extremely degradable for the cyber world (Crane Matten, 2016). The main issue was that the crypto worm detected and encrypted each and every data of the operating system of Microsoft Windows and the details were exposed in front of the world. Microsoft and all users of that operating system were highly affected due to this. It is observed that around three lakhs computers were infected in the process and all the data of those users were at stake (Keown, 2016). This was absolutely not accepted by the users and there was no remedy for the cyber attack. The users and the Microsoft organization was extremely frustrated in the entire process as the attack lasted for some days before a kill switch was created by security researcher. Who is affected? All the users and the Microsoft organization were affected in the case study. The Wanna Cry crypto worm was released by a group of hackers for the purpose of hacking the Microsoft Windows operating system and extracting huge ransom in terms of crypto currency (Miller et al., 2012). Each and every user, which counted more than three lakhs computers were infected in this attack. The most affected countries were India, Russia, Ukraine and Taiwan. The major infected and affected system includes the popular health centre in the United Kingdom, known as the National Health Service of UK. Most of the details of the patients of that health service were open to the world due to this cyber attack (Niebuhr, 2013). Although the entire database was not affected in National Health Service, however, major part of the system was affected. Therefore, the major affected persons include the users and the Microsoft organization. What are the ethical issues and implications? This particular case study has various ethical issues. The hackers of this cyber attack were being extremely unethical in their causes. At first, the Wanna Cry crypto worm was released so that the Microsoft Windows operating system can be easily affected (Peters, 2015). Microsoft Windows is considered as one of the best operating system in todays world. Therefore, when this particular operating system was affected and attacked by a crypto worm, it is needless to mention that the work of the users was stopped due to this. The data of the users were absolutely opened in front of the world and when certain computers or systems tried to stop the crypto worm from spreading further, the dangerous crypto worm attacked and affected those systems as well (Niebuhr, 2013). The hackers had the wrong intension of exploiting the weaknesses of the users and they demanded of huge ransom amount. the hackers demanded of bullions of Bitcoin crypto currency for the remedy of Wanna Cry Crypto worm. The e ntire world was shaken due to this cyber attack. Moreover, this attack lasted for three distinct days, which was again extremely dangerous for the cyber world. The entire act was noted as the most dangerous cyber attack in the history of the cyber world. Around three lakhs systems were affected due to this (Crane Matten, 2016). The cyber attack was registered as the most unethical act and no ethical issues were present in the cyber attack. What can be done about it? What options are there? The unethical act of Wanna Cry crypto worm mainly occurred in the older versions of Microsoft Windows. The users who were affected in the cyber attack were using the operating system of Microsoft Windows (Dewey, 2016). There were various measures that would have stopped the cyber attack of Wanna Cry Crypto worm easily. The several options that were present in this case study was installing and utilizing an antivirus software and the regular updates of the antivirus software. This software will check so that there is no entry to the restricted websites and no attachment is opened if not necessary (Peters, 2015). The other option includes the daily backup of all the important files. Which option is the best? The best option amongst the above mentioned options was the installation and utilization of antivirus software (Banks, 2012). This particular software will detect and stop the virus attacks in the operating system and thus this type of cyber attacks can be easily stopped. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, information and communication technology is the most significant portion of the information technology. It eventually helps in the access, storage, transmission and manipulation of information. This particular information and communication technology majorly is referred to the mixture of all the audio and video systems with the relevant networks of computers and telecommunications. This mixture of networks and systems is solely done by a specific cable or by any linking system. This integration of any network of the telephone to any network system of a computer is completed by the utilization of a unified system for the purpose of cabling, management and even distribution of signal. The complete methods, applications, and the concepts of the information and communication technology are regularly altering in regular time. Ethics is the specific division of knowledge that deals with the principles of morality. This ethics a lways govern a particular persons behaviour on the basis of his actions. Doing ethics technique helps in the analysis of any distinct situation. The above report has outlined the entire case study of Wanna Cry Ransomware attack with the help of doing ethics technique. The report has described the case study briefly and has answered the six questions of doing ethics technique. Proper recommendations are also given in the report. References Banks, S. (2012).Ethics and values in social work. Palgrave Macmillan. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Dewey, J. (2016).Ethics. Read Books Ltd. Durkheim, E. (2013).Professional ethics and civic morals. Routledge. Fromm, E. (2013).Man for himself: An inquiry into the psychology of ethics(Vol. 102). Routledge. Keown, D. (2016).The nature of Buddhist ethics. Springer. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Niebuhr, R. (2013).Moral man and immoral society: A study in ethics and politics. Westminster John Knox Press. Peters, R. S. (2015).Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Shafer-Landau, R. (Ed.). (2012).Ethical theory: an anthology(Vol. 13). John Wiley Sons. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. Woollaston, V. (2018).WannaCry ransomware: what is it and how to protect yourself.Wired.co.uk. Retrieved 13 January 2018, from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/wannacry-ransomware-virus-patch

Solutions to Homework Assignments Essay Example

Solutions to Homework Assignments Paper The line is GAG (the last line on the front page of the individual tax return). Though both types Of deductions may reduce a taxpayers taxable income, for GAG deductions are generally more valuable to taxpayers because they reduce GAG which may allow taxpayers to deduct more of their from GAG deductions (and other tax benefits) that are subject to GAG limitations. From GAG deductions dont affect GAG. 11. Why are some deductions called above-the-line deductions and others are called towel-line deductions? What is the line? The line is adjusted gross income (GAG). GAG is considered the line because of the significance it plays in the amount of deductions allowed from GAG. for GAG deductions are called bother-line deductions because they are deducted in determining GAG. From GAG deductions are called below-the-line deductions because they are deducted after GAG has been determined. They are deducted from GAG to arrive at taxable income, Below-the-line deductions may be subject to limitations based on the taxpayers GAG. 2. What is the difference between a tax deduction and a tax credit? Is one more beneficial than the Other? Explain. A deduction generally reduces taxable income dollar for dollar (although from GAG deductions may not reduce taxable income dollar for dollar). This translates into a tax savings in the I mount Of the deduction times the marginal tax rate. In contrast, credits reduce a taxpayers taxes payable dollar for dollar. Thus. Generally speaking, credits are more valua ble than deductions. 20. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Homework Assignments specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Homework Assignments specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Homework Assignments specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Isabella provides of the support for her father Hastings who lives in an apartment by himself and has no gross income, Is it possible for Isabella to claim a dependency exemption for her father? Explain. Because her father meets the relationship and gross income test for a qualifying relative, the support test is the only obstacle for Isabella to claim a dependency exemption for her father _ The basic support test requires that Isabella must have provided more than half of the support for her father in order to claim a dependency exemption for him. Because Isabella provides only 30% of her fathers support, she does not meet the basic test. However, Isabella could potentially qualify to claim a dependency exemption for her father under a multiple support agreement. For Isabella to qualify, the following requirements must be met: 1. No other taxpayer paid over half of her fathers support. 2. Isabella and at least one other person provided more than half the support of her father, and Isabella and the other person or persons would have men allowed to claim an exemption for Hastings except for the fact that neither met the support test. . Isabella provided over 10% of her fathers support (she provided 30%). 4 The other person or persons who provided more than 10% of Hastings support must provide a signed statement to Isabella agreeing not to claim Hastings as a dependent. Isabella would include the names, addresses, and social security numbers of each other person on a Form 2120- which she would include with her tax return for the year, 31 Rank the following three single taxpayers in order of the magnitude of taxable income (from lowest to highest) and explain your results. Aimed Gross Income Deductions Poor GAG Itemized Deductions $ 80,000 8,000 0 Baker S 80,000 4,000 4,000 Chin S 80,000 0 8,000 Chin has the highest taxable income, followed by Baker and then Aimed. Chins taxable income is highest because he had no for GAG deductions, and Aimed has the lowest because he had the most for GAG deductions. Baker did not benefit from the itemized deductions because they did not exceed the standard deduction. Chin only benefited from the itemized deductions to the extent the deductions exceeded the standard deduction. See the following analysis: Description Aimed Baker Chin Computation (1) Gross income (2) For GAG deductions (3) Adjusted gross income (4) Standard deduction (5) Itemized deductions (6) Greater of standard deductions or itemized deductions (7) personal and dependency exemptions 580,000 (8, COO) $72,000 (6,100) 0 (6, 100) 580,000 (4, COO) $76,000 (6,100) (4,000) (6,100) 580,000 0 580,000 (6, 100) (8, COO) (8,000) Aimed: (4) > (5) Baker: (4) > (5) Chin: (S) > (4) (1)+ (2) Single taxpayer (3,900) 3,900 x I (personal exemption) Taxable income 562,000 $66,000 $68,100 32. Caraways husband passed away in 2012. She needs to determine whether jasmine, her 17-year old step-daughter who is single, qualifies as her dependent in 2013. Jasmine is a resident but not a citizen of the united States. She lived in Cassowary;s home from June IS through December 31 , 2013. Cassowary provided more than halt of Jasmines support for the 2013. A. Is Cassowary allowed to claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine for 2013? Yes, Cassowary may claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine in 2013. Jasmine meets the citizenship/ residency test because she is a resident Of the United States, and she meets he requirements to be considered Caraways qualifying child as follows: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Jasmine Yes, stepdaughter qualifies Jasmine is under 19 at the end of the year Jasmine had the same principal residence as Cassowary for more than half the year Jasmine does not provide more than half her own support. B. Would Cassowary be allowed to claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine for 2013 if Cassowary provided more than half of Jasmines support in 2013, Jasmine lived in Caraways home from July 15 through December 31 of 2013, and Jasmine reported gross income of $5,000 in 2013? No. Jasmine would fail the qualifying child test because she did not have the same principal residence as Cassowary for more than half the year. Jasmine would fail the qualifying relative test because her gross income exceeds the 53,900 personal exemption amount for 2013. C. Would Cassowary be allowed to claim a dependency exemption for Jasmine for 2013 if Cassowary provided more than half of Jasmines support in 201 3, Jasmine lived in Caraways home from July 15 through December 31 of 2013, and Jasmine reported gross income of $2,500 in 2013? Yes, Jasmine would qualify as Caraways qualifying relative as allows: Test Relationship Support Gross income Jasmine Yes, stepdaughter qualifies Cassowary provided more than half Of Jasmines support Jasmines gross income does not exceed the dependency exemption amount. 44. Gary and Lakes were married on December 31 last year. They are now preparing their taxes for the April 15 deadline and are unsure of their filing status. A. What filing status options do Gary and Lakes have for last year? To be married for filing status purposes, taxpayers must be married at the end of the year. Although Gary and Lakes were married on the last day of the year, hey are still considered married for the entire year tort filing purposes. Gary and Lakes may file as married filing jointly, or they may elect to file as married filing separately. B. Assume instead that Gary and Lakes were married on January I of this year, What is their filing status for last year (neither has been married before and neither had any dependents last year)? Single. Gary and Lakes were not married at the end of the year, therefore they must both file single, 48 In each of the following independent situations, determine the taxpayers filing status and the number of personal and dependency exemptions the sprayer is allowed to claim. A. Prank is single and supports his 17-year-old brother, Bill. Bill earned $3,000 and did not live with Frank. Single with two exemptions; one personal and one dependency exemption for Bill. 4 Frank Will file as single, not head Of household. Bill is not a qualifying person for purposes of the head of household test because Bill did not live as member of Franks household for more than half the year. Frank can claim an exemption for Bill because Bill qualifies as Franks qualifying relative as follows: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Gross income b. Bill Yes, Bill is taxpayers brother, Not applicable to qualifying relative Not applicable to qualifying relative Yes, more than half of Bills support is provided by Frank. Yes, Bills gross income ($3,000) is less than the exemption amount, Geneva and her spouse reside with their son, Steve, who is a 20-year-old undergraduate student at State University. Steve earned $13,100 at a part-time summer job, but he deposited this money in a savings account for graduate school. Geneva paid all of the $12,000 cost of supporting Steve. Married filing jointly with two personal exemptions and one dependency exemption for Steve Steve meets the test to be Geneva and her husbands qualifying child as follows: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Steve Yes, Steve is the taxpayers son. Yes, under age 24 and a full-time student (and younger than parents). Yes, temporary absences away at school count as time in the parents home Yes, even though the Steve earned $13,100, he did not use any of that money to provide for his support. Staves parents provided more than half (all, in fact) Of his support for the year. A qualifying child is not subject to the gross income test. Hams spouse died last year, and Hams has not remarried. Hams supports his father Reggae, age 78, who lives in a nursing home and had interest income this year of SO,500. Head of household with two exemptions. Hams is not a qualifying widower because he does not maintain a household for a dependent child. However, he does qualify for head of household because he is not married and he pays more than halt the cost of maintaining a separate household that is the principal place of abode for his father, and his father also qualifies as his dependent (as a qualifying relative) as follows: Test Relationship Age Reggae Yes, Reggae is Hams father. Not applicable to qualifying relative Residence Support Gross income Not applicable to qualifying relative Yes, Hams provides more than half Of Regiss support. Yes, Regiss gross income of $2,500 is less than the exemption amount. Because Reggae is considered to be Hams qualifying relative (and a qualifying person for purposes of the head of household filing status). Hams may also claim a dependency exemption for Reggae. D. Irene is married but has not seen her spouse since February. She supports her spouses 18-year-old child Dolores, who lives with Irene. Dolores earned $4,500 this year. Head of household with two exemptions. Irene qualifies for being treated as unmarried for the year (abandoned spouse) as follows: Test Married Separate Return Maintains Home Time Separated Irene Yes, Irene is still married at the end of the year, Yes, Irene files a separate return from her spouse, Yes, Irene provides more than halt the cost to maintaining a home tort a quailing child. Yes, Irene has not lived with her spouse for the last six months of the year. Because she is treated as though she were unmarried, she may file as head of household because she pays more than half the costs (for more than half the usable year) of maintaining a household that is the principal place of abode for a dependent who is her qualifying child. Dolores is Irene qualifying child, as determined below: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Dolores Yes, Dolores is the taxpayers stepchild. Yes, under age 19 (and younger than Irene) Yes, Dolores lived with taxpayer for more than half of the year _ Yes, Dolores did not provide more than half of her own support. Irene may claim one personal exemption for herself and one dependency exemption for Dolores. E. Assume the same facts as in part d. Also assume that Craig is Urines husband. Craig supports his 12-year-old son Ethan, who lives with Craig. Ethan did not earn any income. Head of household with two exemptions. Craig qualifies for being treated as unmarried (abandoned spouse rules) as follow. Was: 6 Test Married Separate Return Maintains Home Time Separated Irene Yes, Craig is still married at the end of the year. Yes, Craig files a separate return trot his spouse. Yes, Craig provides more than halt the cost to maintaining a home for a qualifying child. Yes, Craig has not lived with his spouse tort the last six months of the year. Because he is treated as though she were unmarried, he may file as head of should because he pays more than half the costs (for more than half the taxable year) of maintaining a household that is the principal place of abode for a dependent who is his qualifying child. Ethan is Crags qualifying child, as determined below: Test Relationship Age Residence Support Dolores Yes, Ethan is the taxpayers child. Yes, under age I g (and younger than Craig) Yes, Ethan lived with taxpayer for more than half of the year. Yes, Ethan did not provide more than half Of his own support. Craig may claim one personal exemption for himself and one dependency exemption for Ethan. Note that both Irene in part d. ND Craig may claim head of household filing status because they both qualify to be treated as unmarried for filing status purposes. 54 Demeanor and Jeanine Jackson have been married for 20 years and have four children who quality as their dependents (Damascus, Jeanine, Michael, and Candace).

Internet Censorship Essays (943 words) - Pornography Law

Internet Censorship Essays (943 words) - Pornography Law Internet Censorship Internet Censorship The Internet is a wonderful place of entertainment and education, but like all places used by millions of people, it has some murky corners people would prefer children not to explore. In the physical world, society as a whole wants to protect children, but there are no social or physical constraints to Internet surfing. The Internet Censorship Bill of 1995, also known as the Exon/Coats Communications Decency Act, has been introduced in the U.S. Congress. It would make it a criminal offense to make available to children anything that is indecent, or to send anything indecent with intent to annoy, abuse, threaten, or harass (Stop the Communications ... n.p.). The goal of this bill is to try to make all public discourse on the Internet suitable for young children. The issue of whether is it necessary to have censorship on the Internet is being argued all over the world. Censorship would damage the atmosphere of the freedom to express ideas on the Internet; therefore, government should not encourage censorship. The Internet was originally a place for people to freely express their ideas worldwide. It is also one of America's most valuable types of technology. Ordinary people use the Net for communication, expressing their opinions, or obtaining up-to-date information from the World Wide Web (WWW). The Internet can be compared to a church. In many ways the Internet is like a church: it has its council of elders, every member has an opinion about how things should work, and they can either take part or not. It's the choice of the user. The Internet has no president, chief operating officer, or Pope. The networks may have presidents and CEO's, but that's a different issue; there is no single authority figure for the Internet as a whole. As stated by Frances Hentoff, the staff writer for The Village Voice and the author of First Freedoms, on an info superhighway driven by individuals, there are no cops preventing users from downloading (Hentoff 1). Internet users can broadcast or express anything they want. The fact that the Net has no single authority figure sets forth a problem about what kind of materials could be available on the Net. The U.S. government is now trying to pass bills to prevent misuse of the Net. The Internet Censorship Bill of 1995 was introduced to the U.S. Congress. Under the Censorship Bill, a person breaks the law if he/she puts a purity test on a web page without making sure children cannot access the page. Also, if a person verbally assaults someone, he/she breaks the law. If a university, where some students may be under 18 years old, carries the alt.sex*. newsgroups, which contains adult material, it breaks the law. According to George Melloan from the Wall Street Journal, a censorship bill was passed by the Senate 84-16 in July, and an anticensorship bill was passed by the House 420-4 in August. There are now four different sets of censorship and anticensorship language in the House and Senate versions of the Telecom m reform bill, which contradict each other and will have to be reconciled (Melloan, n.p.). Another crucial Internet crime is the theft of credit card numbers. Companies do business on the Net, and credit card numbers are stored on their servers; everyone with the necessary computer knowledge could hack in and obtain such databases for illegal purposes. To cite an instance, the most infamous computer terrorist, Kevin Mitnick, waived extradition and is now in jail in California, charged with computer fraud and illegal use of a telephone access device. The list of allegations against him include theft of many files and documents, including twenty-thousand credit card numbers from Netcom On-Line Services, which provides thousands with access to the Internet (Warren 52). Many experts have pointed out that government censorship is not possible. Howard Rheingold, the editor of the Whole World Review, observes that, the 'censor the Net' approach is not just morally misguided. It's becoming technically and politically impossible (Rheingold n.p.). First, it is not fair to exclude the freedom and damage the atmosphere of freely expressing ideas just for the safety of children. Corn-Revere, an expert on Internet censorship at the Howgan & Harson

International Financial Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Financial Manager - Essay Example Although IFMs are not really expert bankers however they could work in different roles across all of the business and support functions of the HSBC Group such as the Commercial Banking, Retail Banking and Wealth Management, Insurance, Global Private Banking, Risk Management, Global Banking and Markets, Audit and Operations. The International Financial Manager should be flexible since the financial assignments and projects are driven according to the business requirements. An IFM could be a fresh MBA or a management or finance professional seeking to take a next step in his or her career. As an IFM at HSBC, one should be able to: †¢Ã‚  Demonstrate leadership qualities.†¢Ã‚  Commit to the ongoing global mobility across the career path.†¢Ã‚  Develop a clear understanding of the challenges and opportunities related to the changing roles at regular intervals.†¢Ã‚  Make an immediate impact irrespective of the current level or status of the job.HSBC provides a highly com petitive remuneration package and benefits to its International Financial Managers that include: †¢Ã‚  The International Financial Managers at HSBC strive to encourage the potential business community all over the world to invest in their financial services and products.   In doing so, they need to show to the investors that the bank possesses adequate value of Owner’s Equity and retained earnings for funding in its future progress and that HSBC has been able to maintain its liabilitie. They should also focus on operation efficiency since it is the key factor.

Professional Journal Article Review 01 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Journal Review 01 - Article Example In addition, there are a number of things to be considered in leadership. Notably, these variables are a must study when it comes to leadership. First and foremost there is a leader, who is the person influencing the other people and hence gives instructions to be followed for a better achievement of goals. Consequently, there is the members, who are the subjects given the instructions by the leader and they are expected to follow. Also, there are goals to be met by the members and the leader. In fact, there are very many lessons that can be drawn from this piece because leadership is something that applies to our daily lives. Therefore, in leadership both the leader and the members must be ready to work hand in hand. This article highlights the actual meaning of planning and the need to plan. Consequently, it gives the types of planning techniques and the merits and demerits of each technique. Also, it gives suggestions on the best planning technique to use in management. Therefore, planning is the act of determining what is to be done first and what is to be done later. Subsequently, the need to plan is to ensure that everything runs smoothly in ascending order of urgency. However there are a number of characteristics of planning which includes planning is a mental activity and goal oriented. The two journals talks of crucial matters to be considered in business studies since one cannot run a business or be a manager without the leadership skills. Nevertheless, one cannot be effective in business without the proper planning. All these must be taught in business

Different Types of Database management systems Essay Example for Free

Different Types of Database management systems Essay A Database is a collection of records. Database management systems are designed as the means of managing all the records. Database Management is a software system that uses a standard method and running queries with some of them designed for the oversight and proper control of databases. Types of Database Management Systems: There are four structural types of database management systems: * Hierarchical databases. * Network databases. * Relational databases. * Object-oriented databases Hierarchical Databases (DBMS) : In the Hierarchical Database Model we have to learn about the databases. It is very fast and simple. In a hierarchical database, records contain information about there groups of parent/child relationships, just like as a tree structure. The structure implies that a record can have also a repeating information. In this structure Data follows a series of records, It is a set of field values attached to it. It collects all records together as a record type. These record types are the equivalent of tables in the relational model, and with the individual records being the equivalent of rows. To create links between these record types, the hierarchical model uses these type Relationships. Advantage: Hierarchical database can be accessed and updated rapidly because in this model structure is like as a tree and the relationships between records are defined in advance. This feature is a two-edged. Disadvantage : This type of database structure is that each child in the tree may have only one parent, and relationships or linkages between children are not permitted, even if they make sense from a logical standpoint. Hierarchical databases are so in their design. it can adding a new field or record requires that the entire database be redefined. Network Database: A network databases are mainly used on a large digital computers. It more connections can be made between different types of data, network databases are considered more efficiency It contains limitations must be considered when we have to use this kind of database. It is Similar to the hierarchical databases, network databases .Network databases are similar to hierarchical databases by also having a hierarchical structure. A network database looks more like a cobweb or interconnected network of records. In network databases, children are called members and parents are called occupier. The difference between each child or member can have more than one parent. The Approval of the network data model similar with the esteem of the hierarchical data model. Some data were more naturally modeled with more than one parent per child. The network model authorized the modeling of many-to-many relationships in data. The network model is very similar to the hierarchical model really. Actually the hierarchical model is a subset of the network model. However, instead of using a single-parent tree hierarchy, the network model uses set theory to provide a tree-like hierarchy with the exception that child tables were allowed to have more than one parent. It supports many-to-many relationships.

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Srijana Chhetri Mr. Wesney Honors World History Dec.18, 2013 Industrial Revolution in England The Industrial Revolution began in England towards the late 17th century. It started in the United Kingdom and was driven by a technology system based on water power and steam engines, cotton, textiles, ironworking, river transport, and canals. These inventions made it possible to send heavy commodities such as coal, iron, wool, grain and so forth from one end of the world to another (Henderson 1, The Industrial... 1815-1914). Inventors of new machines were honored and inventions of new technology were encouraged during this time period. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for work within the new mills and factories, but these were always accompanied by strict working conditions with long hours of labor, and often involved young children and women. The Industrial Revolution replaced an economy based on agriculture with one based on industry and manufacturing. One of the most important changes was the continuous expansion of the population and the economy. Most obse rvers in the 18th century did not believe that expansion of the population and the economy could be sustained indefinitely. Thomas Malthus argued that population naturally grows faster than the food supply, and, therefore, malnutrition, famine, and disease would correct the imbalance (Trebilcock 397-398). However, this did not take place because of the continued expansion of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution also gave an advantage to the government because the states in Europe issued tariffs to gain money, and as big companies emerged, they were required to register with the government and publish an annual budget. The societies during this ... ...e to the lack of better medicines. We could still be using subsistence agriculture to feed our family rather than commercial agriculture. Every human being on this earth should appreciate the fact that this event occurred because it has made their life so much easier and better compared to the life before the pre- industrial time. Even if some other huge revolution had occurred, instead of the Industrial Revolution, it would never be able to bring the same impact that this revolution was able to bring. The Industrial Revolution allowed people to save time with the new inventions, and also created more interactions in the global world with trade. There is no doubt that it was one of the most influential time periods of human history and most responsible for propelling society into the modern economies that we still have in place today.

Chapter 2 Ap World History Summary

Chapter 2 AP World History Summery Each civilization faces challenges from politics to environment and everything in between. This chapter explains how each society became urbanized even though it was very tough. Nubia, China, Olmec, and Chavin are connected though each are separated by millions of miles and geological isolation. In China, dynasties rule all over the land; the Shang dynasty begins China’s history with the rise of power of it’s clans. It contains the earliest recorded writing documents, and they introduced bronze during 2000 B.C. E. The region was ran by a warrior aristocracy who loved warfare, hunting, exchanging, feasting, and wine revelry; the King of Shang always traveled for courts of his subordinates to reinforce their loyalty. Nomadic people that owned desert regions, or steppe lands were given demonstration power also. Religion in the Shang dynasty was enforced, the Kings used divination to determine the will of their ancestors and Gods to win fa vor. Nubia is located in the Nile River Valley and was over run by the Egyptians because of they have gold mines.After Egypt took charge, Nubia became Kush and adapted the Egyptian culture. Nubia decided to help local Palestine who struggled with the Assyrians in 701 B. C. E. ; this was a mistake because the Assyrians invaded and overthrown Egypt so that made a downfall for Nubia. After a while, Nubia became in control again, they still kept the Egyptian language, however Sub-Saharan culture replaced the Egyptian culture when Meroe became better suited for agriculture and trade. On the other side of the world, the Olmec civilization is completely isolated from the world.It’s located in Mesoamerica which is one of the most impressive early civilizations. The King’s Power was used to make people build large scale irrigation and drainage works, and by the 1000 B. C. E, they have become a civilization. In addition to the geological isolation, Olmec have frequent volcanic e ruptions and earth quakes, and mountains that separate the region into micro environments. Evolution developed into urbanization and appearance of powerful political and religious elites. The people were very advanced for their time; they made he calendar and based their urban centers to reflect astronomical observations. The Olmec civilization influenced the Mayans and considered the most influential earliest Mesoamerican civilization. The most impressive early Urban South American civilization is Chavin. It’s home to the most dense population. Maize increased the food supply of the coast and interior foothills, thus, allowing greater leverage for civilization. They have a form of political integration and trade dependency on it’s neighbors that may have relied on military force.Their religion was based on praising their royal ancestors and gods that can take on animal form. The most praised animal is the Jaguar; human sacrifices were made at temple platforms. These c ivilizations became very complex as they advance with technologies, science, and math mathematics. Power was taken away, and given to in each society, and some are diminishing before us. They may be separated and isolated from each other by mountains, water, and hemispheres, but that doesn't separate the development of each economic institutions politically, socially, and economically.

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